Udzu uli ndi ntchito yoyeretsa mpweya, kuyamwa fumbi, kupewa phokoso, kukana kuipitsa ndi kuyamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kukonza kapangidwe ka nthaka, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa, kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa maso, kukongoletsa mizinda, komanso kukonza zachilengedwe m'mizinda.
Udzu ukukulirakulira nthawi zonse. Komabe, udzu wa m'nyumba nthawi zambiri umawonongeka ndipo umasiyidwa pakatha zaka 3-5, ndipo udzu wina umakhala wosabereka akamalimidwa. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito udzu wokhala ndi ukadaulo wabwino kwambiri wosamalira kunja ndi zaka zoposa 10-15. Chifukwa chake ndichakuti ukadaulo wosamalira udzu wa dziko langa sunakule mokwanira, makamaka chifukwa cha njira zosakwanira kapena zosakwanira zosamalira monga kudulira, feteleza, kuthirira, ndi kuletsa tizilombo. Mfundo zazikulu za ukadaulo wosamalira ndi kuyang'anira udzu zafotokozedwa mwachidule motere.
1. Kudulira Kudulira kofanana ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri yodulirakusamalira udzuNgati udzu sudulidwa pa nthawi yake, gawo lapamwamba la tsinde lake limakula mofulumira kwambiri, nthawi zina mbewu, zomwe zimalepheretsa ndi kukhudza kukula kwa udzu wofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale malo opanda kanthu.
Nthawi yodulira udzu nthawi zambiri imakhala kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Novembala, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kudulira m'nyengo yozizira. Kutalika kwa kudula udzu nthawi zambiri kumatsatira mfundo ya 1/3. Kudula koyamba kumachitika udzu ukakhala ndi kutalika kwa 10-12cm, ndipo kutalika kwa chiputu ndi 6-8cm. Chiwerengero cha nthawi yodulira zimadalira kuchuluka kwa udzu. Udzu wabwino kwambiri kunja umadulidwa nthawi zoposa 10 kapena ngakhale mazana ambiri pachaka. Nthawi zambiri Meyi ndi Juni ndi nthawi zomwe udzu umakula mwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo umadulidwa nthawi 1-2 masiku 7-10 aliwonse, ndi nthawi 1-2 masiku 10-15 aliwonse nthawi zina. Pambuyo podula kangapo, udzu sumangokhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso mphamvu yophimba, komanso umakhala wochepa, masamba amakhala owonda, ndipo mtengo wake wokongoletsera ndi wapamwamba.
Mukadula udzu, lamba wodula udzu uyenera kukhala wofanana, ndipo njira iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi iliyonse kudula udzu kukachitika. Mu chilala, udzu wodula ungathe kuyikidwa pa udzu kuti uzizire, koma sungaikidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, apo ayi udzafewetsa udzu mosavuta, kukula pang'onopang'ono ndikubala mabakiteriya. M'mphepete mwa udzu nthawi zambiri amadulidwa ndi lumo kuti ukhale wokongola.
2. Kuthira feteleza Kuthira feteleza ndi gawo lina lofunika kwambiri pakusamalira udzu. Udzu ukadulidwa nthawi zambiri, michere yambiri imachotsedwa m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, michere yokwanira iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti ibwezeretse kukula. Chiwerengero cha feteleza chomwe chimafunika chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa udzu. Nthawi zambiri, udzu umathira feteleza nthawi 7-8 pachaka. Nthawi yothira feteleza yambiri imakhala pakati pa Epulo ndi Okutobala, makamaka feteleza wa nthawi yophukira mu Okutobala ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Mukathira feteleza, gwiritsani ntchito Ireland yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, yomwe imapereka mitundu 12 ya michere ku udzu nthawi imodzi, yomwe ndi yotetezeka ndipo siivulaza mbande ndipo imaletsa kuuma.
3. Kuthirira: Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, udzu wa udzu umalimbana ndi chilala. Pa nthawi yomwe umakula mwamphamvu, umafunika madzi okwanira. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira nthawi yake ndi njira ina yosungira udzu wabwino. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yotentha komanso youma, thirirani kamodzi pa masiku 5-7 aliwonse m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndikunyowetsa mizu mpaka 10-15cm. Ndikoyenera kuthirira nthawi zina kuti muteteze mizu ya nthaka ku chinyezi china, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbali zosiyanasiyana komanso kuthirira popanda sprinkler pothirira, kuti kuthirira kukhale kofanana, kusunga madzi, ndikuchotsa fumbi pamwamba pa udzu.
4. Kuboola ndi kuyika dothi kuti lizilowa mpweya: Udzu umafunika kuboola ndi kuyika foloko kuti ulowe mpweya kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka, ndipo choboola chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa udzu waukulu. Mukaboola, dzazani udzu ndi mchenga, kenako gwiritsani ntchito chokokera mano ndi tsache lolimba kuti musese mchenga mofanana, kuti mchenga ulowe m'dzenje, ukhale wolimba mtima, ndikuwonjezera kutuluka kwa nthaka. Kukhuthala kwa mchenga pamwamba pa udzu sikuyenera kupitirira 0.5cm. Kuti mulowe mpweya m'malo ang'onoang'ono ndi udzu wopepuka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito foloko yokumba kuti mufukule patali ndi 8-10cm ndi kuzama, ndipo mutu wa foloko umalowa molunjika kuti mupewe kubweretsa mipanda ya nthaka. Mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana a mafoloko amatha kusinthidwa pa nthaka zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mafosholo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Mukaboola, mizu ina ya udzu ikhoza kudulidwa kuti mizu ikule mwamphamvu. Nthawi yabwino yoboola ndi kuyika mpweya m'nthaka ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika chaka chilichonse.
5. Kuchotsa udzu. Kuchotsa udzu kuyenera kutsatira mfundo ya "kuchotsa msanga", "kuchotsa pang'ono", ndi "kuchotsa". Gwiritsani ntchito mpeni pang'ono, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito fosholo kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso kokhazikika, kenako linganizani nthaka ndikubzalanso. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala osankha ophera udzu angagwiritsidwenso ntchito, monga Caohejing, Matangjing, Caokuojing, Hekuojing, Mieshajing, Pujujing ndi mankhwala ena ophera udzu omwe ali ndi cholinga komanso otetezeka. Thirani pa tsiku lopanda mphepo komanso dzuwa, kutentha kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 25℃, ndiye kuti zotsatira za mankhwala zimakhala zachangu kwambiri, ndipo kusakaniza bwino mankhwala ophera udzu kungathandize kuti zotsatira za mankhwala ziwonjezeke. Koma samalani kuti mupewe zotsatira zoyipa.
6. Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda Matenda ambiri a udzu ndi bowa, monga dzimbiri, ufa wa mildew, sclerotinia, anthracnose, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa mizu, tsinde ndi masamba a zomera zakufa m'nthaka. Akakumana ndi nyengo yoyenera, amapatsira ndikuwononga udzu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa udzu, ndikuwusandutsa wachikasu kapena kufa m'zidutswa kapena zidutswa. Njira yopewera ndi kulamulira nthawi zambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera fungicide kuti apewe kapena kuchiza motsatira malamulo a matenda. Mankhwala ophera fungicide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poteteza ndi monga carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, ndi zina zotero. Tizilombo tomwe timawononga udzu ndi monga tizilombo todya masamba ndi mizu monga mphutsi za noctuid, armyworms, nkhono, mphutsi, nyerere, ndi zina zotero. Mankhwala ophera njuchi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Bichrysanthemum. Poteteza ndi kulamulira, udzu uyenera kudulidwa pang'ono kenako nkuthiridwa.
7. Kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso ndikugwedezeka kwa nthakaNgati udzu uli ndi alopecia kapena wafa pang'ono, uyenera kukonzedwanso ndi kulimbitsa nthawi yake, kutanthauza kuti, mukapereka feteleza kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, sakanizani mbewu za udzu zomwe zamera ndi feteleza pamodzi ndikuzithira mofanana pa udzu, kapena gwiritsani ntchito chopukutira kudula kagawo kakang'ono masentimita 20 aliwonse pa udzu ndikugwiritsa ntchito manyowa kuti mulimbikitse kukula kwa mizu yatsopano. Pakakhala kuti nthaka ndi mizu sizikutuluka chifukwa chodulira pafupipafupi, kuthirira, komanso kuyeretsa udzu wofa, nthaka iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndikuzunguliridwa panthawi yophukira kwa udzu kapena mutadulira. Nthawi zambiri, izi ziyenera kuchitika kamodzi pachaka, ndipo kuzunguliridwa kumachitika nthawi zambiri nthaka ikasungunuka kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-18-2024