Udzu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matabwa a matabwa, ndipo ubwino wake umakhudza mwachindunji mawonekedwe onse a matabwa. Ngakhale kudula mitengo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusamalira udzu. Ngati udzu sudulidwa pa nthawi yake, gawo lapamwamba la tsinde lake limakula mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina limamera mbewu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa udzu wofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale malo opanda kanthu.
Thekudulira udzuNthawi zambiri nthawiyi imakhala kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala. Kutalika kwa kudulira udzu nthawi zambiri kumatsatira mfundo ya 1/3. Kudulira koyamba kumachitika pamene udzu uli ndi kutalika kwa 10 cm mpaka 12 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa udzu kumakhala 6 cm mpaka 8 cm. Chiwerengero cha kudulira chimadalira kuchuluka kwa udzu. Nthawi zambiri Juni mpaka Julayi ndi nthawi yolimba kwambiri yokulira udzu, kamodzi mpaka kawiri masiku 7 mpaka 10 aliwonse, ndi kamodzi mpaka kawiri masiku 10 mpaka 15 aliwonse nthawi zina. Pambuyo podulira mobwerezabwereza, udzu sumangokhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso kuthekera kophimba, komanso umakhala wochepa, masamba ndi ochepa, ndipo kukongoletsa kwake kumakhala kwakukulu.
Mukadulira udzu, lamba wodulira udzu uyenera kukhala wofanana, ndipo njira yodulira udzu iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi iliyonse. Mphepete mwa udzu nthawi zambiri umadulidwa ndi lumo kuti ukhalebe wokongola.
Kuthira feteleza ndi gawo lina lofunika kwambiri pakusamalira udzu. Udzu ukadulidwa nthawi zambiri, michere yambiri imachotsedwa m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, michere yokwanira iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti ibwezeretse kukula. Kuthira feteleza wa udzu nthawi zambiri kumadalira feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndipo feteleza wophatikizika umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Mlingo wa feteleza ndi 8 kg mpaka 12 kg pa mu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumadalira mtundu wa udzu.
Kawirikawiri, udzu umathiridwa feteleza ka 7 mpaka 8 pachaka. Nthawi yothirira feteleza imakhala pakati pa Epulo ndi Seputembala, makamaka feteleza wa nthawi yophukira mu Seputembala ndi wofunikira kwambiri.
Udzu uyenera kufesedwa mofanana. Pachifukwa ichi, feteleza ikhoza kuikidwa pakati kuchokera mbali ziwiri. Mukafesedwa, madzi ayenera kuyikidwa nthawi yake kuti asungunuke feteleza yonse ndikulimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa michere ndi mizu.
Kuthirira Udzu wa udzu umalimbana ndi chilala mosiyana chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo umafunikira madzi okwanira panthawi yomwe ukula mwamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira nthawi yake ndi njira ina yosungira udzu wabwino. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yotentha komanso youma, thirirani kamodzi pa masiku 5 mpaka 7 aliwonse m'mawa ndi madzulo kuti munyowetse mizu mpaka 10 cm mpaka 15 cm. Ndikoyenera kuthirira nthawi zina kuti muteteze mizu ya nthaka ku chinyezi china, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kothirira kothirira mbali zosiyanasiyana mukathirira kuti musunge kuthirira kofanana, kusunga madzi, ndikuchotsa fumbi pamwamba pa udzu.
Mabowo obowolandi dothi lopangira mpweya Udzu uyenera kubooledwa ndi kuikidwa m'malo otseguka mpweya kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka. Mukaboolera mabowo, dzazani udzuwo ndi mchenga, kenako gwiritsani ntchito chogwirira mano ndi tsache lolimba kuti musese mchenga mofanana, kuti mchengawo ulowe m'dzenje, upumule mpweya nthawi zonse, ndikuwonjezera madzi otuluka m'nthaka yozama. Kukhuthala kwa mchenga pamwamba pa udzu sikuyenera kupitirira 0.5 cm. Nthawi yabwino kuboolera mabowo ndi kuyika nthaka kuti mulowe mpweya ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika chaka chilichonse.
Chotsani udzu ndipo udzu uyenera kudziwa bwino mfundo ya "kuchotsa msanga, kuchotsa pang'ono, ndikuchotsa kwathunthu". Gwiritsani ntchito mpeni pang'ono, ndikukumba ndi fosholo pamene kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu komanso kokhazikika, kenako mugwiritse ntchito bwino, kenako linganizani nthaka ndikubzalanso. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ophera udzu angagwiritsidwenso ntchito, monga 20% dimethoate emulsion, 25% wettable profenofosin emulsion 2,4-d madzi, ndi zina zotero, zopopera tsiku lopanda mphepo komanso dzuwa, kutentha kumakhala koyenera kuposa 25℃, ndiye kuti zotsatira za mankhwala zimakhala zachangu kwambiri, ndipo mlingo wake ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi theka. Kusakaniza bwino mankhwala ophera udzu kungathandize kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino. Koma samalani kuti mupewe zotsatira zoyipa. Sankhani mankhwala ophera udzu ogwirizana ndi mtundu wa udzu. Mankhwala ophera udzu ophera udzu wa masamba akuluakulu ndi Caokuojing ndi Kuomie. Kawirikawiri, udzu wa masamba akulu umapopera ndi Caokuojing pamadzi owirikiza 200-300; Mukayang'anira udzu wa udzu, gwiritsani ntchito madzi a Caohejing okwana 250-300 popopera udzu mofanana, zomwe zingathandize kuwongolera udzu wa udzu monga udzu wa crabgrass, udzu wa tendon, udzu wa foxtail, udzu wa barnyard, lycopodium, wild oats, ndi teff. Udzu wa broadleaf ndi udzu wa udzu zikachitika nthawi imodzi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi a Hekuojing okwana 150 popopera udzu mofanana, zomwe zingathandize kupha udzu wambiri nthawi imodzi. Kuti muyang'anire udzu wa sedge, poperani Mesabendazole okwana 200-300. Kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kungayambitse kuola kwa Cyperus, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kubwereranso kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.
Matenda a udzu nthawi zambiri amakhala a bowa, monga dzimbiri, ufa, sclerotinia, anthracnose, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa mizu yakufa, tsinde ndi masamba a zomera m'nthaka. Akakumana ndi nyengo yoyenera, amawononga udzu, amalepheretsa kukula kwa udzu, ndipo amasanduka achikasu kapena kufa m'zidutswa kapena zidutswa.
Njira yopewera ndi kulamulira nthawi zambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera fungicides kuti apewe kapena kuchiza malinga ndi momwe matenda akuyendera. Mankhwala ophera fungicides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popewera ndi monga methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, ndi zina zotero. Tizilombo towononga udzu ndi monga tizilombo tomwe timadya masamba ndi mizu monga noctuid larvae, armyworms, nkhono, grubs, mole crickets, ndi nyerere. Mankhwala ophera fungicides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga dimethoate, cypermethrin, ndi dichlorvos. Popewera ndi kulamulira, udzu uyenera kudulidwa pang'ono kenako nkuthiridwa.
Ngati udzu uli ndi dazi kapena wafa pang'ono, uyenera kukonzedwanso ndi kubwezeretsedwanso nthawi yake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, sakanizani mbewu za udzu zomwe zamera ndi feteleza pamodzi ndikuzithira mofanana pa udzu, kapena gwiritsani ntchito chopukutira kudula kagawo 20 cm iliyonse pa udzu ndikugwiritsa ntchito manyowa kuti mizu yatsopano ikule. Ngati nthaka ndi mizu sizikutuluka chifukwa chodulira pafupipafupi, kuthirira, komanso kuyeretsa udzu wofa, onjezani dothi ndikulizungulira nthawi yomwe udzu umaphuka kapena mutadulira. Nthawi zambiri, ziyenera kuchitika kamodzi pachaka, ndipo kuzunguliza kumachitika kawirikawiri kumayambiriro kwa masika nthaka itatha kusungunuka.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-27-2024