Kusamalira udzu - momwe mungapangire udzu wokongola komanso wokhutiritsa

1. Sankhani mtundu wa udzu
Kusankha udzu woyenera ndi sitepe yoyamba komanso yofunika kwambiri kuti udzu ukhale wabwino. Ngati muli kumpoto, mungasankhe udzu wa nyengo yozizira (bluegrass, tall fescue, ryegrass, red fescue, bentgrass, etc.); ngati muli kum'mwera, mungasankhe udzu wa nyengo yozizira (Cyperus dentata, Bahia grass, Zoysia japonica ndi Dianthus chinensis, etc.). Madera a Jiangsu, Zhejiang ndi Shanghai komwe tili ndi madera osinthira, ndipo udzu wa nyengo yozizira ndi wa nyengo yotentha ukhoza kumangidwa, koma onse ali ndi zolakwika zawo zoonekeratu. Ili ndi mfundo wamba, osati lamulo lokhazikika. Ndipotu, ndi chitukuko chachangu cha ukadaulo wobereketsa masiku ano, mitundu yambiri ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya nyengo yoziziraudzu wa udzuAli ndi chilala chabwino komanso kupirira kutentha, kotero nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofala kuona udzu wochuluka, wokhuthala, komanso wokongola wa nyengo yozizira kum'mwera. Ngati simukukonda udzu wokhala ndi mtundu umodzi, onjezerani clover ya sitiroberi, clover yoyera kapena m'mphepete mwa maluwa akuthengo, maluwa awo okongola apangitsa udzu wanu kukhala wokongola kwambiri.

II. Kukonzekera bedi la udzu musanamange
1. Kuyeretsa malo Chotsani miyala ndi zinyalala zina pamwamba pa nthaka (kupitirira 30 cm) kuti mupeze malo omasuka, opumira, athyathyathya, komanso otulutsa madzi bwino oyenera kumera udzu wa udzu. Ngati pali zotsalira ndi mizu ya pansi pa nthaka ya zomera zokhala ndi mitengo, ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Kuti mizu yotsalayo isavunde ndikupanga mabowo.

2. Kuchotsa udzu Kuti ukhale ndi udzu wabwino, vuto la matenda a udzu liyenera kuthetsedwa. Kupanda kutero, udzu wa pachaka kapena wosatha, sedges, ndi nyemba ndi convolvulaceae udzu ukhoza kumeza udzu wabwino m'chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Njira zazikulu zopewera ndi kulamulira: kupalira ndi makina (kuphatikizapo kudulira nthawi zonse, kupalira ndi manja, ndi kulima udzu usanamangidwe) ndi kupalira ndi mankhwala ophera udzu ndi fumigation m'nthaka. Mankhwala ophera udzu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo mankhwala ophera udzu osankhidwa (2,4-D butyl, 2-methyltetrachloride, dicamba) ndi mankhwala ophera udzu osasankha (glyphosate, paraquat). Kupha udzu m'nthaka kumatha kupha michere ya udzu ndi tizilombo m'nthaka. Mankhwala ophera udzu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo methyl bromide, chloropicrin, dazomethane, ndi zina zotero, ndipo chitetezo chiyenera kuganiziridwa mukamawagwiritsa ntchito.

3. Sinthani pH ya nthaka. Kawirikawiri, nthaka yokhala ndi pH ya 6-7 ndi yoyenera udzu wambiri wa udzu. Ndikofunikira kusintha pH (pH) ya nthaka yokhala ndi asidi wambiri kapena ya alkaline yambiri. Njira zosinthira ndi izi: sankhani mitundu ya udzu wa udzu wosagwirizana ndi asidi kapena wa alkali ndikuwonjezera lead sulfate kuti muchepetse pH; onjezani laimu kapena superphosphate kuti muwonjezere pH.

4. Kuthira feteleza. Feteleza wochuluka wachilengedwe uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka yosauka kuti nthaka ikhale yobereka bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti udzu wa udzu ukula bwino. Manyowa, manyowa, ndi peat zonse ndi feteleza wabwino wachilengedwe. Malinga ndi momwe mulili, ndowe za anthu, manyowa obiriwira, matope a masamba, ndi feteleza ena achilengedwe kapena feteleza wa N, P, K angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati feteleza woyambira.

5. Kulima ndi kulinganiza Pang'onopang'onokumanga udzuKawirikawiri imayendetsedwa ndi makina akuluakulu. Udzu waung'ono umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja ndi makasu, ma rake, ndi ma rake okhala ndi minga. Malinga ndi zofunikira pa malo, umapangidwa kukhala wofanana ndi wachilengedwe. Bwalo lamasewera liyenera kukwezedwa pakati kuti madzi azituluka kuchokera pakati kupita kumadera ozungulira.

6. Mangani njira yothirira ndi kukhetsa madzi. Kukhazikitsa njira yothirira ndi kukhetsa madzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala "kosavuta" chifukwa cha ndalama zomwe zimafunika. Ndipotu, udzu wabwino, makamaka udzu wa pabwalo lamasewera, monga bwalo la gofu ndi udzu wa pabwalo la mpira, ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri pomanga udzu.