Kuthira dothi pamwamba pa nthaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lochepa pa udzu wokhazikika kapena womwe ukumera. Pa udzu wokhazikika, kuphimba udzu kumatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kulamulira udzu, kulinganiza pamwamba pa udzu.bwalo lamasewera, kulimbikitsa kubwezeretsa udzu wovulala kapena wodwala, kuteteza kuyika masamba obiriwira nthawi yozizira, kusintha mawonekedwe a malo obzalira udzu, ndi zina zotero. Makhalidwe a majini a udzu, momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, njira zolima ndi kusamalira komanso cholinga chokhazikitsa udzu zimatsimikizira kufunikira kwa nthaka yophimba pamwamba. Malo obiriwira a gofu, malo obiriwira a bowling ndi malo ena ochitira masewera amafunika udzu womwe ndi wofanana kwambiri kuti uthandize ntchito. Malo ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati osakhazikika amayamba chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa, nyengo, kukula kwa udzu ndi zinthu zina. Mafunde ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati otere amatha kusinthidwa pophimba pamwamba ndi dothi. Makolala a zipatso ophimbidwa ndi dothi la pamwamba samakhala ndi udzu wambiri kapena mavuto ena okhudzana nawo. Makolala a zipatso omangidwa pa dothi losayenera amatha kupanga udzu wabwino wokhala ndi madzi abwino, mpweya wabwino komanso kulimba mtima ataphimbidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi dothi loyenera kwa zaka zambiri. Chifukwa chake, muyeso uwu wakhala njira yofunika kwambiri pakusamalira udzu wa pabwalo lamasewera.
Kuyika Zigawo Vuto lofala kwambiri lokhudzana ndi nthaka yophimba pamwamba ndi momwe nthaka imagwirira ntchito chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali mosiyana ndi nthaka yophimba udzu. Pakakhala mchenga kapena zinthu zina zokhuthala m'nthaka, nthaka yapamwamba nthawi zambiri imakhala yonyowa ndipo mizu imalepheretsedwa kukula. Kusiyana pang'ono kwa mitundu ya nthaka mu nthaka, monga mizu ya udzu, kungayambitsenso mavuto aakulu pa kufalikira kwa mizu ya udzu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kapena kuchuluka kwa kuphimba pamwamba pa nthaka ndi nthaka sikokwanira kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka yasakanikirana bwino, ndipo pakapita nthawi nthaka ndi zotsalira za organic zidzapatukana. Nthawi zina, kudulira koyima nthawi zina kumakhala kofunikira nthaka isanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti itsegule udzu kuti isapatuke. Kuphwanya mizere ya nthaka yobowoka mutabowola kungapangitse zotsatira zofanana ndi nthaka yophimba pamwamba. Bola ngati dothi lomwe lili pansi pa udzu ndi loyenera, njira yoswekayi ndi yofanana kapena yabwino kuposa kuyika pamwamba ndi dothi lachilendo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa dothi lomwe lasweka kumadalira mphamvu ya kubowola (kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa mabowo) ndi kuchuluka kwa kubowola komwe udzu ungapirire. Kumbali ina, kuphimba pamwamba pa dothi sikukhudzidwa ndi zinthuzi ndipo kungathe kuchitika popanda njira zina zolimira. Pobowola ndi kuphimba nthaka nthawi imodzi, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti tipewe kupanga zigawo. Mwachitsanzo, pobowola kolala ya zipatso ndi mchenga, mabowo nthawi zambiri amabowoledwa kaye kuti atsimikizire kuti mchenga walowa m'mabowo. Zidutswa za dothi zomwe zatulutsidwa m'bowo ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Zidutswa za dothi sizingasweke pamalopo mpaka makulidwe a mchenga apitirire kuzama kwakukulu kwa makina obowola. Kupanda kutero, kusiyana pakati pa mchenga ndi dothi kudzachitika, zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa.
Kusankha nthaka yophimba pamwamba Kusankha nthaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthaka yophimba pamwamba ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri mukasamalidwe ka udzuChifukwa chake, popanga kolala yatsopano ya zipatso, dothi lina liyenera kusungidwa pasadakhale kuti lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Dothi lofunikira pa nthaka yathyathyathya ndi nthaka yophimba pamwamba limasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka yachilengedwe. Dothi lophimba pamwamba silifunikira zinthu zachilengedwe chifukwa kukula kwa udzu kudzapanga zotsalira zokwanira zachilengedwe zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Ndipotu, cholinga chimodzi chophikira pamwamba pa nthaka ndikulimbikitsa kuwola kwa zinthu zachilengedwe izi kuti zisasonkhanitse udzu wambiri. Ngati dothi lapafupi silili loyenera, kolala iyenera kumangidwanso kapena kusankhidwa nthaka yoyenera, kutengera kuopsa kwa vuto la kolala komanso kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa kolala womwe ukuyembekezeka kupezeka kudzera mu dothi la pamwamba, kuyang'anira kapena njira zina. Kusankha dothi losakhala pamalopo n'kovuta kwambiri chifukwa n'kovuta kupeza kapangidwe kameneka. Kawirikawiri amaganiziridwa kuti amagwiritsa ntchito dothi lamchenga. Posachedwapa, anthu amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kwathunthu, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino. Komabe, ngati mchenga ugwiritsidwa ntchito kosatha kwa nthawi yayitali, mchenga udzawonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo olimba akhale olimba, omwe amafunikira madzi ambiri ndi feteleza posamalira tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati mchengawo umakhala woletsa madzi, mwayi wouma m'deralo umawonjezeka.
Kuchuluka kwa nthaka yophimba pamwamba Kuchuluka kwa nthaka yophimba pamwamba yomwe ikufunika pa ntchito iliyonse kapena nthawi yonse yolima kumadalira cholinga chophimba nthaka. Ngati mukufuna kusintha malo ambiri osalinganika ndikupangitsa kuti udzu ukhale wosalala, nthaka yambiri idzafunika; momwemonso, ngati mukufuna kusintha kapangidwe ka nthaka ya udzu, nthaka yambiri idzafunika. Kuchuluka kapena kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kuthekera kwa udzu kuyamwa nthaka iyi. Dothi lochuluka lidzaletsa masamba kulandira kuwala ndikukhudza kukula kwa udzu. Muyezo woyika bwalo la gofu umakhudzanso mphamvu ya nthaka yophimba pamwamba. Bwalo la gofu lomwe silikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi limafunikira nthaka yophimba pamwamba, ndipo bwalo la gofu lomwe likupitiliza kusewera lidzagwiritsa ntchito nthaka yochepa yophimba pamwamba. Poyang'anira udzu, liwiro lomwe udzu umasonkhanitsa limatsimikiza kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa kuphimba pamwamba. Udzu wina wa zipatso sufuna nthaka yapamwamba pamene sukukula mwamphamvu kapena pamene mikhalidwe ili yoyenera kuwonongeka mwachangu kwa zotsalira za organic. Pa makola a zipatso komwe gawo louma likupitiriza kukula, ndibwino kuphimba chipatso ndi dothi la pamwamba. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa dothi lofunikira kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 15m3/hm2 ndi dothi lophimba lokhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 1.5mm. Dothi lapamwamba ndi udzu wosakanikirana pamodzi zimapanga gawo lothandiza lapakati mu udzu wopondedwa. Kutengera ndi kuwonongeka kwake, gawo lapamwamba la dothi likhoza kusintha kukhuthala, kusintha chinyezi ndi momwe michere ilili, komanso kupereka michere; gawo louma limapereka kulimba ndi mpweya. Chifukwa chake, dothi lophimba pamwamba limawongolera gawo la udzu kwakanthawi kochepa. Pakapita nthawi, chifukwa cha kuphimba pamwamba pa dothi, gawo louma la udzu limafulumizitsa kuwola ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka kumawonjezeka. Mukayika mchenga wambiri woyera pa dothi lophimba pamwamba, kuchuluka kwa kupopera kumatha kukhala kotsika kufika pa 7.5m2/hm2, ndipo kumatha kupopera kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse panthawi yomera. Anthu ena amalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wosalala wapakati (0.25-1.0mm). Vuto limodzi logwiritsa ntchito mchenga ngati chophimba pamwamba pa nthaka ndilakuti fumbi ndi tinthu tina timalowa mumchenga kudzera mu mpweya wothirira, ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kumatha kuchepetsa mpweya wolowa. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kuboola nthawi ndi nthawi ndikudzaza mabowo ndi "mchenga woyera" kuti mulumikizane ndi zigawo zotsekedwa ndi tinthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi akuyenda bwino. Kuphimba pamwamba pafupipafupi kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kusungunula tinthuti ndikupewa kutseka kwa gawo. Kuboola mabowo ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kuzama koyenera kwa sing'anga mu kolala ya zipatso. Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo, ndi kuphimba pamwamba kwakukulu, kutalika kwa kolala ya zipatso kumatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe kungayambitse chilala pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zophimba pamwamba zomwe zawonjezeredwa kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mizere ya nthaka yochotsedwa mutaboola ndi kuboola.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-18-2024