M'zaka 10 zapitazi, gofu yakula mofulumira m'dziko langa. Pakadali pano, pali mabwalo a gofu opitilira 150 ndi misewu pafupifupi 3,000 ku China. Komabe, kukwera mtengo kwa kukonza udzu wa bwalo la gofu kwapangitsa makalabu ambiri a gofu kumva kuti sangathe kuthana ndi vutoli. Momwe mungachepetsere mtengo wokonza bwalo la gofu chakhala chimodzi mwa nkhawa zomwe akuluakulu ndi oyang'anira udzu m'makalabu osiyanasiyana amadandaula. Momwe mungatsimikizire kuti udzu uli wabwino pamene mukukwaniritsa zofunikira zamalo a bwalo la gofundi kusewera kwa osewera? Kudzera mu zaka zingapo zoyeserera komanso kuphatikiza luso lapamwamba losamalira udzu wa gofu kunyumba ndi kunja, wolembayo akupereka malingaliro otsatirawa:
(1) Sankhani mbewu za udzu zabwino kwambiri, zigwirizane bwino, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kudula. Mbewu za udzu "zambale" zimatha kupanga udzu wodula kwambiri kuposa mitundu yabwino kwambiri. Iyi ndi mfundo yodziwika bwino koma yolondola, chifukwa pamsika womwe umafuna kuyang'aniridwa kwakukulu, mbewu zambale nthawi zambiri zimakhala cholinga chachikulu chogulitsa mbewu. Mu kafukufuku, zidapezeka kuti panali kusiyana kwakukulu pa kuchuluka kwa udzu wopangidwa ndi mbewu zambale ndi mbewu zambale zabwino kwambiri. Mtundu wamba wa udzu wa m'munda umapanga udzu wochuluka ndi 70% kuposa Blackburg Linn, mtundu wapamwamba wa udzu wosatha, 50% kuposa Tara ndi K-31, mitundu yodziwika bwino ya fescue yayitali, ndi 13% kuposa Apache.
(2) Manyowa a mankhwala amatha kuchepetsa matenda. Ofufuza ku North Carolina State University adapeza kuti ma fertilizer a bowa amapangidwa ndi phosphorous kapena manganese. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zogwiritsa ntchito feteleza iyi ndi pamene ma fertilizer a bowa amawonekera koyamba masika kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Ikani kawiri pa sabata pa 8g/㎡ nthawi iliyonse, ndipo thirirani madzi mutagwiritsa ntchito feteleza kuti musapse ndi feteleza pamasamba. Ofufuzawo adapezanso kuti njira iyi yochizira ingathandizenso kuchepetsa matenda a brown spot.
(3) Kudula bwino udzu kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Mosiyana ndi maganizo ambiri, kudula udzu kungadye madzi ochepa othirira. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti ngati kutalika kwa udzu wodula udzu kwachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 2.5cm kufika pa 0.6cm, madzi othirira omwe amafunikira ndi theka lokha la oyamba. Komabe, udzu wodula pang'ono uwu umapangitsa mizu kukhala yaifupi, kotero udzu wodula pang'ono sungathe kupirira chilala, apo ayi udzuwo udzataya mtundu wake wobiriwira kapena kuwonongeka. M'madera akumidzi komwe kuthirira n'kofunika, kugwiritsa ntchito kudula pang'ono kuti muwongolere kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi kungapangitse zotsatira zabwino.
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kudula mitengo kungasunge chinyezi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pamene kudula mitengo kumawonjezeka kuchoka pa kawiri pa sabata kufika pa kasanu ndi kamodzi pa sabata, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kumawonjezeka ndi 41%. Komabe, pali zoletsa zina pakusunga madzi pochepetsa nthawi yothirira, monga kutaya madzi chifukwa cha udzu womwe umakula kwambiri.
(4) Kuyang'anira malo ochitira masewera a gofu. Kugawa bwalo la gofu m'magawo osiyanasiyanakasamalidwe ka kukonzaMalo angachepetse kwambiri ndalama zokonzera. Zachidziwikire, kuchuluka kwa malo okonzera gofu omwe ali obiriwira, otsetsereka, otsetsereka ndi ena sikungachepetsedwe ndipo sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Komabe, m'madera ena, njira yotsatirayi ingayesedwe: Choyamba, gawani mapu a malowo m'mabwalo ndi ma triangles, perekani mulingo wokonzera gawo lililonse, ndikulemba kuyambira "A" mpaka "G". Gawo lililonse lili ndi feteleza wake, kuthirira, kudula mitengo, ndi miyezo yowongolera tizilombo. Malo A (obiriwira) amatha kulandira kasamalidwe kalikonse kofunikira, ndipo madera ena amatha kuchepetsa zinthu zokonzera.
(5) "Kuphunzitsa udzu wa masika". Monga woyang'anira udzu, muthanso "kuphunzitsa" udzu kuti usamafunike madzi ambiri. Njirayi ndi yoyeneranso pa udzu wosadulidwa bwino. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yoyamba kuthirira iyenera kukhala yoyambirira, monga woyang'anira udzu, muyenera kupewa kupanga bwalo la gofu lomwe mumayang'anira kukhala loyamba m'deralo kuthirira misewu yonse ndi malo a udzu wautali m'nyengo ya masika.
Zachidziwikire, udzu "wophunzitsa" ulinso ndi zoopsa. Koma chilala cha masika chingapangitse mizu ya udzu kukula kwambiri m'nthaka. Mizu yozama iyi idzakhala ndi gawo pakati pa chilimwe, zomwe zingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito madzi komanso kukhala ndi kuthekera kosinthasintha bwino ndi chilengedwe.
(6) Chepetsani nthawi yodula udzu. Bungwe lofufuza ku New York linapeza kuti udzu wosakanikirana wa udzu wa ryegrass wosatha kapena fescue wautali (kapena mitundu ya fescue yayitali) uli ndi liwiro lalikulu lokula ndipo umafunikira kudula udzu wambiri. Kuchuluka kwa udzu wotsalira womwe umapangidwa ndi 90% mpaka 270% kuposa udzu womwe umakula pang'onopang'ono monga fescue yabwino kapena udzu wa bluegrass.
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti ndalama zambiri zitha kusungidwa posintha mitundu ya udzu ndikuchepetsa kudula. Wofufuza James Wilmot nthawi ina adachita masamu: "Ngati zimawononga $150 pa ekala kusakaniza ndi mitundu ya udzu yomwe imafuna kudula kwambiri, ndiye kuti zimawononga pafupifupi $50 pa ekala kusakaniza ndi mitundu ya udzu yomwe imafuna kudula pang'ono. Kuphatikiza ndi kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 1/3 ya feteleza, ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa pa ekala ndi $120. Ngati musamalira maekala 100 a malo, mutha kusunga $12,000 pa nyengo." Zachidziwikire, sizingatheke kusintha udzu wabuluu kapena fescue yayitali nthawi zonse. Koma bwalo la gofu likasintha mitundu ya udzu yomwe imafuna kudula kwambiri ndi mitundu ya udzu yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono, zimatha kusunga ndalama zambiri pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa kudula. (7) Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu. Aliyense wamvapo kuti kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu ndikwabwino pa chilengedwe. Komabe, kodi ubwino wa bwalo la gofu ungachepe popanda kusokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu? Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kuti athetse udzu wa nkhanu kapena bullgrass, mankhwala ochepa a pre-emergence herbicide amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse. Anapeza kuti kuchuluka konseko kungagwiritsidwe ntchito chaka choyamba, theka la kuchuluka kwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ndi theka la kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa chaka chachitatu kapena kuposerapo. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito imeneyi imapanga zotsatira zofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka konseko chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti udzu ukukhala wokhuthala komanso wolimba ku udzu, ndipo malo omwe udzu umakhala m'nthaka amachepa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.
Njira yosavuta yochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikuwongolera mlingo womwe wawonetsedwa pa zilembo za mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo. Ngati chizindikirocho chikulimbikitsa 0.15-0.3 kg pa ekala, sankhani mlingo wotsika kwambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, wagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochepera 10% kuposa mabwalo a gofu oyandikana nawo.
Kusamalira udzu kwambiri kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mabwalo ambiri a gofu, ndipo kuthekera kwake kosunga ndalama n'kodziwikiratu. Monga woyang'anira udzu, mungayesere.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-05-2024