Mfundo zosamalira malo obiriwira ndi izi: zofanana, zoyera komanso zopanda zodetsa, komanso zobiriwira chaka chonse. Malinga ndi chidziwitso, malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, malo obiriwira amatha kugawidwa m'magawo anayi malinga ndi nthawi yobzala. Choyamba ndi kubzala mpaka gawo lonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kubzala koyamba kwa malo obiriwira ndi gawo lobzala mpaka chaka chimodzi kapena kuphimba kwathunthu (100% yonse popanda malo otseguka), komwe kumatchedwanso gawo lonse. Chachiwiri ndi gawo lokulira bwino, lomwe limatanthauza zaka 2-5 mutabzala, lomwe limatchedwanso nthawi yokulira bwino. Chachitatu ndi gawo lokulira pang'onopang'ono, lomwe limatanthauza zaka 6-10 mutabzala, lomwe limatchedwanso gawo lokulira pang'onopang'ono. Chachinayi ndi gawo lokulira pang'onopang'ono, lomwe limatanthauza zaka 10-15 mutabzala, lomwe limatchedwanso nthawi yokulira pang'onopang'ono. Ndi mulingo wapamwamba wosamalira ndi kuyang'anira, nthawi yokulira pang'onopang'ono ya malo obiriwira ku Taiwan ikhoza kuchedwa ndi zaka 5-8. Nthawi yokulira pang'onopang'ono ya udzu wopitilira wa coniferous ndi zaka 3-5 pambuyo pa udzu waku Taiwan, pomwe nthawi yokulira pang'onopang'ono ya udzu wa masamba akuluakulu ndi zaka 3-5 kale.
1. Kuyang'anira gawo lochira
Malinga ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe ndi njira, udzu watsopano womwe wabzalidwa uyenera kuchotsedwa bwino mbewu za udzu ndi mizu ya udzu, kudzazidwa ndi dothi loyera, kukwezedwa mopyapyala ndikukanikizidwa mpaka masentimita oposa 10 usanayambe kuyika udzu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kuyika udzu: kuyika udzu wonse ndi kuyika udzu woonda. Kawirikawiri, udzu wokwana sikweya wa 20 × 20 cm umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo ochepa. Chigawo chonse sichitha ntchito ndipo chimakhala ndi nthawi yobwezeretsa ya masiku 7-10 okha. Zimatenga nthawi inayake kuti 50% ya malo otseguka a malo ochepa adzaze. Kuyika udzu wa masika ndi Udzu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chilimwe umatenga miyezi 1-2 yokha kuti ukhwime, pomwe udzu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira umatenga miyezi 2-3 kuti ukhwime mokwanira. Ponena za kusamalira ndi kusamalira, cholinga chachikulu chimakhala pa kusamalira madzi ndi feteleza. M'dzinja, umakhala wotetezeka ku banga, m'chilimwe sutetezedwa ku dzuwa, ndipo m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, udzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa mphepo ndi chinyezi. Nthawi zambiri, thirani madzi kamodzi m'mawa ndi madzulo mkati mwa sabata mutagwiritsa ntchito udzu, ndikuwona ngati udzuwo wakhwimitsidwa. Mizu ya udzu imafunika kukhala pafupi ndi nthaka. Thirani madzi kamodzi madzulo aliwonse kwa milungu iwiri kapena iwiri mutathira. Pakatha milungu iwiri, thirani madzi kamodzi masiku awiri aliwonse kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo, makamaka kuti munyowetse. Thirani feteleza sabata iliyonse mpaka miyezi itatu mutabzala. Gwiritsani ntchito 1-3% ya urea pamodzi ndi kuthirira ndi kupopera. Sakanizani kaye kenako ndikukhuthala. Kuyambira pano, gwiritsani ntchito mapaundi 4-6 a urea pa ekala kamodzi pamwezi. Thirani madzi owuma pamasiku amvula. , ikani madzi patsiku ladzuwa, ndipo chilichonse chidzadzaza. Udzu ukakhala wamtali masentimita 8-10, dulani ndimakina otchetchera kapingaKupalira udzu kuyenera kuchitika patatha theka la mwezi mutabzala, kapena kumapeto kwa Januwale. Udzu ukayamba kukula, pukutani ndi kuchotsa udzu nthawi yake, ndipo muuchepetse mutakumba kuti musakhudze kukula kwa udzu waukulu. Udzu wongobzalidwa kumene nthawi zambiri umakhala wopanda matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndipo sufuna kupopera. Kuti ukule mwachangu, 0.1-0.5% ya potassium dihydrogen phosphate ikhoza kuthiriridwa ndi kupopera pambuyo pake.
2. Kasamalidwe kabwino komanso ka nthawi yayitali
Chaka chachiwiri mpaka chachisanu mutabzala udzu ndi nthawi yokulira kwambiri. Udzu wokongola nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira, kotero cholinga chachikulu ndi kusunga udzuwo uli wobiriwira. Pofuna kusamalira madzi, tsegulani nthambi za udzu ndikuonetsetsa kuti nthaka ndi youma koma osati yoyera komanso yonyowa koma yopanda banga. Mfundo yake ndi kuumitsa nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe komanso yonyowa nthawi yophukira ndi yozizira. Feteleza iyenera kuyikidwa pang'ono komanso mopyapyala, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala chaka chilichonse komanso zambiri mbali zonse ziwiri. Gwiritsani ntchito mapaundi 2-4 a urea pa mu iliyonse mutadula udzu. Mu nyengo yokulira kwambiri, samalani feteleza ndi madzi kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa kukula, apo ayi nthawi yodula idzawonjezeka ndipo ndalama zosamalira zidzakwera. Kudula ndiye cholinga chachikulu cha gawoli. Kuchuluka kwa kudula ndi ubwino wa kudula zimagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa udzu ndi ndalama zosamalira. Ndikoyenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kudula udzu kufika nthawi 8-10 pachaka, ndi avareji ya kamodzi pamwezi kuyambira February mpaka September komanso kamodzi miyezi iwiri iliyonse kuyambira October mpaka Januware chaka chotsatira. Zofunikira zaukadaulo zodula udzu: Choyamba, kutalika kwa udzu wabwino kwambiri ndi 6-10 cm. Ngati kutalika kwake kuli kopitirira 10 cm, akhoza kudulidwa. Ngati kutalika kwake kuli kopitirira 15 cm, "mitunda ya udzu" idzaonekera ndipo mbali zina zidzakhala ngati mbedza. Panthawiyi, iyenera kudulidwa. Chachiwiri ndi kukonzekera musanadule. Onetsetsani kuti mphamvu ya makina odulira udzu ndi yabwinobwino, kuti tsamba la udzu ndi lakuthwa komanso lopanda zilema, komanso kuti udzuwo ndi woyera popanda miyala ndi zinyalala. Chachitatu ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina odulira udzu. Sinthani mtunda wa tsamba kufika pa 2-4 cm kuchokera pansi (kudula pang'ono nthawi yayitali, kudula kwambiri nthawi yophukira ndi yozizira), pita patsogolo mofulumira, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mumadutsa 3-5 cm nthawi iliyonse popanda kuphonya kudula kulikonse. Chachinayi, yeretsani masamba a udzu mwachangu mukadula, ndipo nyowetsani ndi kuthira feteleza.
3. Kuwongolera magawo ochedwa komanso a nthawi yayitali
Kukula kwa udzu zaka 6-10 mutabzala kwachepa, ndipo masamba ndi tsinde lakufa zikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Kuwola kwa mizu kumachitika nthawi yotentha komanso yachinyezi, ndipo kumatha kuonongeka ndi Digitonus (kachirombo kometa) nthawi yophukira ndi yozizira. Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito ndikuteteza ndi kulamulira tizilombo ndi matenda. Zawonedwa kuti udzu waku Taiwan wakhala ukunyowa m'madzi kwa masiku atatu ndipo wayamba kuwola mizu. Ukatulutsa madzi, umakhalabe ndi moyo. Ukanyowa m'madzi kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, mizu yoposa 90% imakhala yowola ndipo pafupifupi yopanda moyo, kotero imafunika kubwezeretsedwanso. Ngakhale kuti padzakhala kuwola kochepa kwa mizu mkati mwa masiku 1-2 kuchokera pamene madzi alowa, kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi pambuyo pa madzi zidzathandiza kuberekana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikupangitsa kuti mizu iwole. Patatha masiku atatu, chotsani udzu woopsa wakufa ndikuyikanso yankho la urea. Kukula kudzayambiranso patatha sabata imodzi. Feteleza ndi kasamalidwe ka madzi nthawi yochepa ziyenera kukulitsidwa kuposa nthawi yopambana, ndipo feteleza wowonjezera mizu ukhoza kuwonjezeka. Chiwerengero chakudula udzuayenera kulamulidwa mpaka nthawi 7-8 pachaka.
4. Kusamalira gawo la kuwonongeka kwa udzu
Malo odyetsera udzu anayamba kuwonongeka chaka ndi chaka zaka 10 mutabzala, ndipo anawonongeka kwambiri zaka 15 mutabzala. Kusamalira madzi, kusinthana nthawi youma ndi yamvula, kumaletsa madzi kulowa, apo ayi zidzawonjezera kuwola kwa mizu ndi kufa. Limbikitsani kuyang'anira ndi kupewa tizilombo ndi matenda. Kuwonjezera pa feteleza wabwinobwino, gwiritsani ntchito 1% urea ndi dipotassium phosphorous mix kuti mudyetse udzu kunja kwa zomera masiku 10-15 aliwonse, kapena gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wamalonda monga Toyota ndi feteleza wina wa zomera amathiridwa kunja kwa mizu, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Malo omwe ali ndi kufa pang'ono akhoza kubzalidwanso kwathunthu. Malo odyetsera udzu amabwereranso pang'onopang'ono atadulidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe udzu umadulidwa sikuyenera kupitirira nthawi 6 pachaka chonse. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa udzu waukulu ndi woonda, namsongole ndi wosavuta kumera ndipo umafunika kukumba nthawi yake. Kuyang'anira kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa mokwanira panthawiyi kuti kuchedwetse kuwonongeka kwa udzu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-02-2024