kuthirira
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a gofu ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri, makamaka ku China, komwe kuli pa nambala 121 padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya madzi pa munthu aliyense. Kusunga madzi nthawi zonse kwakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri poteteza chilengedwe. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2011 la “Toward White Paper – China Golf Industry Report”, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka m'malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi okhala ndi mabowo 18 m'dziko langa ndi pafupifupi matani 323,000, omwe ndi okwera ndi 58% kuposa chiwerengero chomwecho ku United States cha matani 188,000. Kulamulira komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa njira yothirira mu gofu ndikugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta kuwerengera kuthamanga, kuyenda kwa madzi, kukula kwa nozzle, zenera la madzi, kuchuluka kwa kusintha, liwiro la mphepo, kutentha, kufalikira kwa madzi ndi kulowa, kutsegula kwa chipata ndi nthawi yomaliza ndi zinthu zina zambiri kuti ziwongolere udzu pabwalo la gofu. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, osati kudzipereka, ndiko kudumpha kwakukulu. Komabe, bola ngati pali cholakwika pang'ono chozungulira, nozzle yawonongeka kapena yagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, kapangidwe ka nozzle ndi koipa, kapena nozzle ikuzungulira mofulumira kwambiri kapena pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, zidzawononga mphamvu ya pulogalamu yothirira ya kompyuta. Izi sizingochepetsa mphamvu yake yogwiritsira ntchito, komanso zimakhudza Kusunga madzi sikuthandizanso.
Pofuna kusunga ndi kuteteza chilengedwe pa ulimi wothirira, kufanana kwa madzi othirira ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Kusafanana kwa ulimi wothirira ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe bwalo la gofu limanyowa tsiku lonse, ndipo ndicho chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kutaya madzi. Mtengo womanga bwalo la gofu la mabowo 18 ndi pafupifupi 80 miliyoni, koma amalonda ambiri ayika ndalama zoposa 20 miliyoni yuan kuti amange bwalo lokhazikika. Zotsatira za kumanga ndi kuchepetsa ndalama kwambiri. Kukanikiza kofala kwambiri ndi njira yothirira ndi yothirira madzi, yomwe siiwoneka koma yofunika kwambiri pakukonza pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chakuti njira yothirira ilibe zida zokwanira ndipo ilibe chithandizo cha zida zapamwamba zosungira madzi, zimapangitsa kuti kukonza kwa bwaloli kugwiritse ntchito madzi pambuyo pake. Khalani okwera. Njira yothirira yokonzedwa bwino komanso yapamwamba imapereka kugawa kofanana kwa madzi othirira kudzera mu dongosololi, motero kuchotsa kunyowa kwambiri komanso kuumitsa kwambiri. Bwalo la gofu la mabowo 18 ku United States lili ndi antchito okonza pafupifupi 20 kuphatikiza director. Izi sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi makina apamwamba a malo ochitira gofu aku America, kugawa bwino ntchito ndi wotsogolera, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino komanso molondola kwa ogwira ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, maziko abwino omwe adayikidwa pomanga bwaloli koyambirira ndiye chifukwa chachikulu. Makina awo othirira ndi mapaipi sakonzedwa kawirikawiri, pomwe ku China, mavuto osiyanasiyana amabuka patatha zaka zoposa zitatu akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera koyenera kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yomanga ndiye maziko oyamba otsimikizira kuti madzi othirira ndi ofanana ndipo motero kukwaniritsa kusunga madzi mu ulimi wothirira.
Za dziko lathumabwalo a gofu, m'madera ozizira akumpoto, chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yosathirira, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwanira kuyang'ana makina othirira kamodzi pachaka musanayambe kuthirira masika. Kum'mwera, chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yothirira komanso kufunika kothirira chaka chonse, makina othirira nthawi zambiri amafunika kuyesedwa kawiri pachaka. Koma kwenikweni, kuwunikaku kuyenera kunena za kuwunika kwathunthu kwa mapaipi, makina owongolera, ndi zina zotero, chifukwa ngakhale chosakaniza chabwino kwambiri cha sprinkler/nozzle sichingagwire bwino ntchito pankhani yogawa madzi othirira atagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, izi zimafuna Pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza makina othirira tsiku ndi tsiku, ogwira ntchito pa udzu amapanga kusintha kwanthawi yake komanso koyenera ku makina othirira kutengera momwe zinthu zilili, ndipo kusinthaku n'kosavuta kuposa momwe tinkayembekezera. Muyenera kungoyang'ana ngati ngodya yopopera ya nozzle iliyonse yayikidwa bwino, ngati kuzungulira kwa nozzle kuli bwino, ngati pali masamba a udzu, mizu ya udzu ndi zinyalala zina zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a nozzle, ngati nozzle yatha, ngati mphete yotsekera ikutuluka, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zina zimapezekanso kuti chipolopolo cha nozzle chasweka Ndipo fyuluta yomangidwa mkati mwa nozzle yatsekeka. Mavuto ambiri omwe ali pamwambapa si ovuta kuwazindikira ndikuwathetsa. Bola antchito akuyang'ana pang'ono, bwaloli likhoza kusunga ndalama zambiri. Lipoti lofufuza kuchokera ku California Sprinkler Irrigation Technology Research Center likuwonetsa kuti ndikofunikira kungosintha mutu wopopera wozungulira kapena kuchita njira zina zosamalira, monga kusintha ngodya ndi kutalika kwa mutu wopopera, kuti ubwererenso momwe ulili wabwino. Mwanjira imeneyi, kusintha pang'ono kumatha kusintha kufanana kwa kupopera madzi, ndikusunga mosavuta pafupifupi 6.5% ya madzi oti azithirira madzi. Ndipo izi zimangopulumutsa madzi. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yamadzi kumathanso kusunga mphamvu ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa pampu yamadzi pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.
Pa ulimi wothirira mabwalo ambiri a gofu, ifekuboola mwachindunjiZitsime zopezera madzi apansi panthaka abwino, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera ochokera pamwamba pa mitsinje ndi nyanja pothirira. Izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale mpikisano ndi madzi a m'mizinda, madzi akumwa akumidzi kwa anthu ndi ziweto, komanso kuthirira ulimi ndi nkhalango, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi agwiritsidwe ntchito mopitirira muyeso pabwalo la gofu. Zinthu zazikulu, zosasangalatsa monga kusunga zinthu. Kusunga madzi kuchokera ku gwero kuyenera kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pabwalo la gofu la masiku ano: magwero amadzi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi bwalo la gofu akuphatikizapo madzi okongola a m'nyanja pabwalo la gofu, madzi otayirira apakhomo ochokera ku nyumba ya kalabu ndi madera ozungulira okhala anthu; komanso mvula yachilengedwe, kumanga malo ogwiritsira ntchito madzi amvula pabwalo la gofu, ndikusonkhanitsa bwino misewu, Madzi amvula pamisewu, malo oimika magalimoto ndi madenga omangira nyumba. Madzi awa amachiritsidwa ndipo amakhala madzi aimvi, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthirira udzu wa bwalo lamasewera ndikupanga unyolo wamadzi wozungulira mkati mwa bwalo. Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi aimvi kuwononga ubwino wa udzu. M'malo mwake, kuthirira madzi aimvi ndi kotetezeka pa udzu ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apansi panthaka abwino kwambiri pothirira. Popeza madzi a imvi ali ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe, sizingochepetsa mphamvu ya madzi abwino akumwa pansi pa nthaka. Kukumba migodi kungapulumutsenso ndalama zambiri zogulira feteleza.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-28-2024