Udzu wa bwalo ndiye njira yothandiza kwambiri pa gofu. Kupambana kapena kulephera ndithudi kasamalidwe ka udzuZimakhudza mwachindunji kayendetsedwe kabwino ka bwalo lamasewera komanso phindu la zachuma lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kake. Kasamalidwe kabwino ka bwalo lamasewera sikungokopa osewera ambiri ndikubweretsa zabwino zachuma ku bwalo lamasewera, komanso kupangitsa kuti bwaloli likhale ndi mbiri yabwino ndikuwonjezera kutchuka kwa bwaloli. Chobiriwira ndi chizindikiro cha bwalo lamasewera a gofu. Kuwonera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa bwalo lamasewera obiriwira kumakhudza mwachindunji momwe gofu aliyense amamvera komanso kuwunika bwalo lamasewera. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi masamba onse a bwalo lamasewera omwe angabzalidwe ndi bentgrass amasankhidwa kuti awonere ndi kuwona. Bentgrass yabwino kwambiri yokwawa. Mukasankha bentgrass yokwawa, mumasankhanso zovuta pakusamalira ndi kuyang'anira. Izi ndi zina mwa zomwe wolemba adakumana nazo pantchito yopewa ndi kuwongolera matenda a bwalo lamasewera m'zaka zaposachedwa.
一. Mabakiteriya akuluakulu oyambitsa matenda
Matenda a udzu wa stadium amayamba chifukwa cha bowa. Monga mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, bowa amapangidwa ndi hyphae yomwe imasonkhana mu mycelium. Bowa limapulumuka poyamwa michere kudzera mu mycelium. Ma spores ndi mtundu wa bowa. Ma spores amafalikira ku chomera kudzera mu mphepo, mvula ndi zina. Pamene nyengo ili yoyenera, ma spores amamera ndikupanga bowa. Ma spores ndi mtundu waukulu wa kufalikira kwa matenda. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe kumachitika ndi bowa ndikuti bowa amayamwa michere kuchokera ku zomera, kuwononga maselo ndi minofu ya zomera, ndikuyambitsa imfa ya zomera. Bowa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: bowa wa saprophytic ndi bowa wa parasitic. Bowa wa saprophytic umadya zinthu zakufa zamoyo, pomwe bowa wa parasitic umadya zamoyo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa zomera zamoyo.
Bowa alibe minofu yoyendetsa madzi ndipo amangodalira chinyezi chakunja kuti abereke. Chifukwa chake, bowa sagwira ntchito m'nyengo youma, ndichifukwa chake matenda a bowa amapezeka kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Matenda akuluakulu a udzu wa pabwalo la gofu: dothi lofiirira, pythium, kuwola konse, dothi la ndalama, dothi la chilimwe, dothi lofa masika, dothi lotupa, kufinya kwa sickle, ndi zina zotero.
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda
Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda pabwalo la gofu makamaka ndi kutentha, chinyezi, feteleza, kuthirira ndi sprinkler, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zitha kufotokozedwa m'magawo awiri: zinthu zokhudzana ndi nyengo ndi chilengedwe komanso zinthu zokhudzana ndi kukonza ndi kuyang'anira.
1. Zinthu zokhudzana ndi nyengo ndi chilengedwe
Malo okhala ndi nyengo ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda, pakati pawo kutentha ndi chinyezi ndiye zinthu zazikulu zowongolera. Matenda aliwonse amafuna kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuwala koyenera kukula ndi kuberekana kwawo. Zinthu zabwinozi zikachitika, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo timatha kukula ndi kuberekana mwachangu, zomwe zimawononga udzu. Pakati pawo, nyengo yonyowa ndiye malo abwino kwambiri oyambitsa matenda a bowa; kutentha ndiye malo achiwiri ofunikira kwambiri oyambitsa matenda.
Kuwonjezera pa kutentha ndi chinyezi, mthunzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri poyambitsa matenda a udzu. Kuwala kochepa kwa nthawi yayitali kumathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizigwira ntchito. Kuthira mthunzi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso chinyezi chambiri kumapangitsa kuti zomera za udzu zikhale zofewa komanso zonyowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zifalikire mosavuta ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
2. Kusamalira bwinozinthu
Kusagwiritsa ntchito bwino njira iliyonse yoyang'anira kumabweretsa matenda. Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a udzu ndi monga kudulira, kuthirira, kuthirira pogwiritsa ntchito sprinkler, kulima, ndi zina zotero. Zina mwa izo, njira zosayenera zothirira pogwiritsa ntchito sprinkler ndi njira zoyang'anira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka isatuluke bwino ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a udzu.
Kudulira mochepa kwambiri komanso mobwerezabwereza kungayambitse matenda mosavuta. Nthawi iliyonse mukadulira, pamwamba pa masamba a chomeracho padzavulala, ndipo mitsempha ya masamba ovulalayo imapereka mwayi kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kulowa; kuthirira pang'ono kwa sprinkler kudzasunga udzu nthawi zonse wonyowa, ndikupanga malo oti udzu ukule. Chinyezi chochuluka chimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizigwira ntchito mosavuta ndipo zimayambitsa matenda mosavuta; matenda ambiri a udzu amakhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni mopitirira muyeso. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni kumapangitsa udzu kukhala wokhuthala komanso wautali, ndipo zomera zimakhala zofewa komanso zonyowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ayambe; Kukhuthala kwambiri kwa nthaka ya udzu ndi mpweya woipa kumawonjezera mwayi woti matenda ayambe; kutayira madzi bwino kwa nthaka ya udzu sikungowonjezera chinyezi cha nthaka ndikulimbikitsa matenda, komanso kumakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko cha mizu ya udzu ndikuchepetsa kukana matenda kwa udzu.
Mphamvu ya kasamalidwe ka udzu ndi kuchuluka kwa kasamalidwe komwe kumafunika ndi udzu zimagwirizananso ndi matendawa. Kawirikawiri, kuopsa kwa matendawa kumagwirizana bwino ndi mphamvu ya kasamalidwe komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu udzu. Mphamvu ya kasamalidwe ikakula, mwayi wa matenda umakula. Malo obiriwira omwe ali ndi matenda ambiri pabwalo ndi obiriwira, ndipo masamba obiriwira okhala ndi bentgrass amakhala ndi matenda ambiri; chachiwiri ndi tee, chifukwa mphamvu ya kasamalidwe yomwe imayikidwa pa tee ndi yachiwiri kuposa yobiriwira; chachitatu ndi udzu wa fairway, fairway. Mphamvu ya kasamalidwe pabwalo la gofu ndi yotsika kuposa ya bokosi la tee, koma yokwera kuposa ya udzu wautali; malo obiriwira ndi udzu wokhala ndi matenda ochepa pabwalo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nthawi yodulira, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, kuthirira madzi, ndi zina zotero m'malo obiriwira ndi kochepa kuposa madera ena obiriwira. Zikuoneka kuti kasamalidwe ka udzu ndi kupezeka kwa matenda zikuwoneka ngati kutsutsana kosasinthika. Komabe, ntchito yathu ikutsimikizira kuti ndi kasamalidwe koyenera komanso njira zasayansi zopewera ndi kuwongolera, kutsutsana kumeneku kumatha kuthetsedwa.
三. Njira zopewera ndi kulamulira zasayansi
Kupewa ndi kulamulira matenda a pabwalo lamasewera kumatanthauza njira yothandiza yopewera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotetezeka komanso zoteteza chilengedwe kuti ziwongolere kukula kwa matenda ndikubwezeretsa kukula kwa udzu pamene matendawo ayamba kuwonekera. Matenda a udzu ndi oopsa komanso ofala m'mabwalo ambiri a gofu m'dziko langa, ndipo pafupifupi mankhwala onse ophera fungicides alimi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndi kuwongolera. Ngakhale kuti mabwalo a gofu ndi makampani opanga zinthu zambiri komanso opanga zinthu zambiri, poyerekeza ndi kukonza udzu, pafupifupi mabwalo onse a gofu sagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwanira. Pakuwongolera udzu wa pabwalo la gofu, mabwalo ambiri a gofu amadikira mpaka matenda akuluakulu a udzu achitike asanalandire chithandizo. Komabe, popeza n'zovuta kugula zinthu zomwe zapangidwira udzu wa pabwalo la gofu pamsika, manejala wa dipatimenti ya udzu anayesa njira zonse ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi ndi mphamvu zambiri kusankha zinthu zomwe zili ndi zotsatira zapadera kuchokera ku mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Zotsatira zake zinali theka la zotsatira zake ndi kawiri zotsatira zake. Udzu wa pabwalo la gofu uli ndi chilengedwe chake chapadera komanso kufooka kwa chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe oteteza a mankhwalawa, n'zovuta kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pakuchiritsa udzu wodwala. Chifukwa chake, kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a udzu wa pabwalo la gofu kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadera zomwe zalunjika. Mwanjira imeneyi yokha ndi pomwe mankhwalawa angapeze zotsatira zabwino, ndipo mankhwalawa angatsimikizire kuti akhoza kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timasinthasintha nthawi zonse.
Mfundo zazikulu zopewera ndi kulamulira:
1. Kupewa ndi chinthu choyamba ndipo chithandizo ndi chinthu china chofunika kwambiri.
Zimatanthauza kuti pakukonza ndi kuyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku, njira zosiyanasiyana zoyang'anira ziyenera kutsatiridwa bwino, ndipo nthawi ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito njira iliyonse ziyenera kumvedwa bwino, kuti udzu ukhale wabwino komanso kuchepetsa mwayi woti matenda ayambe. Kachiwiri, pewani matenda pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zoteteza chilengedwe zomwe siziwononga chilengedwe tsiku lililonse. Musadikire mpaka matendawa atachitika musanayambe njira zothanirana ndi matendawa kuti mupewe ndikuwongolera mankhwala ophera tizilombo oopsa komanso oopsa.
2. Mukadula, kupopera mankhwala koteteza kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa ndi kuchiza matenda a bakiteriya.
3. Ubwino wa sayansi ndi kuthirira moyenera.
4. Kudulira mwasayansi komanso molondola.
5. Kuzindikira msanga, kuzindikira msanga komanso kulandira chithandizo msanga.
6. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala aukadaulo oletsa matenda a pabwalo la gofu
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-25-2024